RESUMO
Plant endogenous mechanisms are not always sufficient enough to mitigate drought stress, therefore, the exogenous application of elicitors, such as salicylic acid, is necessary. In this study, we assessed the mitigating action of salicylic acid (SA) in cowpea genotypes under drought conditions. An experiment was conducted with two cowpea genotypes and six treatments of drought stress and salicylic acid (T1 = Control, T2 = drought stress (stress), T3 = stress + 0.1 mM of SA, T4 = stress + 0.5 mM of SA, T5 = stress + 1.0 mM of SA, and T6 = stress + 2.0 mM of SA). Plants were evaluated in areas of leaf area, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, proline content, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and dry grain production. Drought stress reduces the leaf area, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and, consequently, the production of both cowpea genotypes. The growth and production of the BRS Paraguaçu genotype outcompetes the Pingo de Ouro-1-2 genotype, regardless of the stress conditions. The exogenous application of 0.5 mM salicylic acid to cowpea leaves increases SOD activity, decreases CAT activity, and improves the production of both genotypes. The application of 0.5 mM of salicylic acid mitigates drought stress in the cowpea genotype, and the BRS Paraguaçu genotype is more tolerant to drought stress.
RESUMO
O cultivo do feijoeiro, Phaseolus vulgaris L., possui grande importância para o Brasil, sobretudo no âmbito econômico e social. Assim, a utilização de ecótipos de feijoeiro promissores associada à otimização dos recursos hídricos configura importante estratégia para a agricultura sustentável em regiões semiáridas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o comportamento de ecótipos de feijoeiro cultivados na época das águas com irrigação suplementar. O experimento foi no campus Experimental de Ecofisiologia Vegetal da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, situada na microrregião de Catolé do Rocha, PB. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados em fatorial 3x4, sendo três ecótipos de feijoeiro (Eco1= G2227, Eco2= BRA 130583 CIAT G6490 e Eco3= BAT 477) e quatro lâminas de irrigação suplementar com 50; 75; 100 e 125% da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), em três repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: percentagem e índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento da haste principal, taxa de crescimento relativo, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de 100 grãos, fitomassa da parte aérea e eficiência fotossintética. Os ecótipos de feijoeiro analisados divergem entre si quanto aos aspectos de germinação, crescimento, componentes da produção (NGV e FMA) e eficiência fotossintética. O ecótipo 1 apresenta melhor desempenho quanto aos componentes da produção observados nas condições de Semiárido.
The cultivation of common bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. has great importance for Brazil, especially in the economic and social sector. Thus, the use of promising bean ecotypes associated with optimization of water resources sets an important strategy for sustainable agriculture in semiarid regions. This study was developed in order to evaluate the behavior of common bean ecotypes grown in the rainy season with supplementary irrigation. The experiment was carried out at campus Experimental Plant Ecophysiology at the State University of Paraiba, located in the microregion of Catolé do Rocha - PB. A randomized block experimental design in factorial 3x4 was used, with three common bean ecotypes (Eco1 = G2227, Eco2 BRA = 130583 CIAT G6490 and Eco3 BAT = 477) and four levels of supplementary irrigation (50, 75, 100 and 125% of reference evapotranspiration, ETo) in three replications. The variables analyzed were: percentage and emergence speed index, main branch length, growth rate relative crop, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, weight of 100 grains, shoots dry matter and photosynthetic efficiency. The bean ecotypes analyzed were different in aspects of germination, growth, yield components (NVG e FMA) and photosynthetic efficiency. The ecotype 1 shows better performance on the yield components observed in the semiarid conditions.
